Developing countries have been falling deeper and deeper into the vicious cycle of climate change. They have found themselves in an emergency spending trap, where they are suddenly diverting key fiscal resources into restoring the nation after frequent natural disasters. As a result, economic growth is halted and many countries turn to high-interest loans to manage the crisis, further exacerbating these countries’ resource deficits.  Year after year, developing countries face

What happens when racially biased judgments persist within America’s banks? They perpetuate systemic distrust and suppress the economic growth of people of color (POC), forcing many to rely on costly, bank-bypassing services like check-cashing stores—fees that can total nearly $40,000 over a working lifetime. Such outcomes reflect not individual failure but institutional design: a centralized, discretionary, and diversity-lacking financial system that continues to exclude. Em

Introduction The shortage in housing in England has been persistent since the 1980s. It has become more acute in the years since 2010 due to reasons like the decline and demolition of social housing and reductions in capital investment for new affordable housing. However this is not solely a logistical problem but a deeper market failure driven by market financialization, that exaggerates other socioeconomic issues like poverty or income inequality. The Problem The core issue